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2015年9月22日

思科 (CSCO, Nasdaq)

  • 公司背景
Cisco System, Inc. (Cisco), incorporated on December 10, 1984, designs, manufactures, and sells Internet protocol (IP)-based networking products and services related to the communications and information technology (IT) industry. The Company’s customers include businesses of all sizes, public institutions, telecommunication companies, other service providers and individuals. Cisco connects people, process, data and things with products that transport data, voice, and video within buildings, across campuses, and around the world. 
  • Market segment
The Company’s business is organized in three segments: the Americas; Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), and Asia Pacific, Japan and China (APJC)
  • Product
The Company’s products and technologies are grouped into a range of categories, including Switching, Next-Generation Network (NGN) Routing, Service Provider Video, Collaboration, Data Center, Wireless, Security and Other Products. These products, primarily integrated by Cisco IOS Software, link geographically dispersed local-area networks (LANs), metropolitan-area networks (MANs) and wide-area networks (WANs).
  • Switching
Switching is an integral networking technology used in campuses, branch offices and data centers. Switches are used within buildings in local-area networks (LANs) and across great distances in wide-area networks (WANs). The Company’s switching products offer many forms of connectivity to end users, workstations, IP phones, wireless access points, and servers and also function as aggregators on LANs and WANs. The Company’s switching systems employ several used technologies, including Ethernet, Power over Ethernet, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), Packet over Synchronous Optical Network and Multiprotocol Label Switching. Many of the company’s switches are designed to support an integrated set of advanced services, allowing organizations to be efficient by using one switch for multiple networking functions rather than multiple switches to accomplish the same functions. Key product platforms within company’s Switching product category, in which it also include storage products, comprises Fixed-Configuration Switches, Modular Switches and Storage.

Fixed-configuration switches are designed to cover a range of deployments in both large enterprises, as well as in small and medium-sized businesses, providing a foundation for converged data, voice and video services. The Company’s fixed configuration switches range from small, standalone switches to stackable models that function as a single, scalable switching unit. Modular switches are typically utilized by enterprise and service provider customers with large-scale network needs. These products are designed to deploy networking services without degrading overall network performance. Fixed-configuration and modular switches also include products, such as optics modules, which are shared across multiple product platforms. The Company’s switching portfolio also includes virtual switches and related offerings. These products provide switching functionality for virtual machines and are designed to operate in a complementary fashion with virtual services to optimize security and application behavior.
  • Next-Generation Network (NGN) Routing
NGN technology is fundamental to the Internet. This technology interconnects public and private IP networks for mobile, data, voice, and video applications. This portfolio of hardware and software solutions consists primarily of physical and virtual routers and routing systems. 

The Company offers a range of hardware and software solutions, from core network infrastructure for service providers and enterprises to access routers for branch offices and for telecommuters and consumers at home. Key product areas within NGN Routing category include High-End Routers, Midrange and Low-End Routers, and Other NGN Routing. The High-End Routers comprises Cisco Aggregation Services Routers (ASRs), which include Cisco ASR 901, 902, and 903 Series, Cisco ASR 1000 Series, Cisco ASR 5000 and 5500 Series, and Cisco ASR 9000 Series; Cisco Carrier Routing Systems (CRS), which include Cisco CRS-1 Carrier Router, Cisco CRS-3 Multishelf System, Cisco CRS-X and Cisco 7600 Series; Cisco Network Convergence System (NCS), which include Cisco NCS 2000 Series, Cisco NCS 4000 Series and Cisco NCS 6000 Series; Cisco Quantum Software Suite, and Small cell access routers. The Midrange and Low-End Routers comprises Cisco Integrated Services Routers (ISRs), which include Cisco 800 Series ISR, Cisco 1900 Series ISR, Cisco 2900 Series ISR, Cisco 3900 Series ISR and Cisco ISR-AX. The Other NGN Routing comprises Optical networking products, which include Cisco Cloud Services Router 1000V and other routing products.
  • Service Provider Video
The Company’s end-to-end, digital video distribution systems and digital interactive set-top boxes enable service providers and content originators to deliver entertainment, information and communication services to consumers and businesses around the world. 

Key product areas within its Service Provider Video category are Service Provider Video Infrastructure and Video Software and Solutions. Service Provider Video Infrastructure comprises Set-Top Boxes, which include IP set-top boxes, Digital cable set-top boxes and Digital transport adapters; Cable/Telecommunications Access, which include Cable modem termination systems (CMTS), Hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) access network products and Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) products, and cable modems, which include data modems, embedded media terminal adapters and wireless gateways. The Video Software and Solutions comprises content security systems, digital content management products, digital headend products, digital media network products, integration and customization offerings and service provider video software solutions (Videoscape).
  • Collaboration

The company’s collaboration portfolio integrates voice, video, data and mobile applications on fixed and mobile networks across a range of devices and related IT equipment that people use to access networks, such as mobile phones, tablets, desktop and laptop computers, and desktop virtualization clients. Key product areas within Collaboration category include Unified Communications, Web-Based Collaboration Offerings and Cisco TelePresence Systems. The Unified Communications comprises IP phones, Call center and messaging products, Call control, Software-based, IM clients, Communication gateways and unified communication applications and subscriptions. The Web-Based Collaboration Offerings include Cisco WebEx meeting server and Cisco WebEx meeting center. The Cisco TelePresence Systems include Immersive systems, Collaboration room endpoints, Cisco TelePresence server and video conferencing infrastructure, Cisco TelePresence integration solutions and Collaboration desk endpoints. It includes all the revenue from WebEx within the Collaboration product category.
  • Data Center
The Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) unites computing, networking, storage, management and virtualization into a single fabric-based platform designed to simplify operations and provide business agility through deployment and scaling of application infrastructure. UCS is specifically designed for virtualization and automation and enables on-demand provisioning from shared pools of infrastructure across physical and virtual environments. Key product areas within the Data Center product category include UCS, which comprises Cisco UCS B-Series Blade Servers, Cisco UCS C-Series Rack Servers, Cisco UCS Fabric Interconnects, Cisco UCS Manager and Cisco UCS Central Software, Cisco UCS Director, and Cisco UCS Invicta Series and Server Access Virtualization, which comprises Cisco Nexus 1000V and Cisco Nexus 1000V InterCloud.
  • Wireless
The Company’s wireless solutions include wireless access points; standalone, switch-converged, and cloud-managed solutions; and network managed services. Its wireless solutions portfolio is enhanced with security and location-based services via its Mobility Services Engine (MSE) solution. The Company’s offerings provide users with simplified management and mobile device troubleshooting features designed to reduce operational cost and maximize flexibility and reliability. Key product areas within Wireless category include Cisco Aironet Series; Access point modules for 3600 Series (802.11ac, 3G, WSSI, LTE/4G) and 3700 Series; Controllers (standalone and integrated), and Meraki wireless cloud solutions.
  • Security
The Company’s security portfolio of products and services offers a solution that collects and shares intelligence with a coordinated focus on threats across the entire attack continuum--before, during, and after an attack. These solutions include network security, web and email security, cloud web security, advanced malware protection, data center security, and network admission control and identity services. The Company’s security solutions and services are designed to protect customers from the network to the cloud to the endpoint, through a network-integrated architecture.
  • Other Products
The Company’s other products category primarily consists of certain emerging technologies. It also includes other networking products.
  • Service
The Company provides a range of service offerings, including technical support services and advanced services. Technical support services help its customers ensure their products operate and benefit from the up-to-date system and application software that it has developed. These services help customers protect their network investments, manage risk, and minimize downtime for systems running mission-critical applications. Advanced services are part of a program that is focused on providing responsive, preventive, and consultative support of its technologies for specific networking needs. The advanced services program supports networking devices, applications, solutions and complete infrastructures.
  • 競爭者太多
The Company competes with Alcatel-Lucent, Amazon Web Services LLC, Arista Networks, Inc., ARRIS Group, Inc., Aruba Networks, Inc., Avaya Inc., Brocade Communications Systems, Inc., Check Point Software Technologies Ltd., Citrix Systems, Inc., Dell Inc., LM Ericsson Telephone Company, Extreme Networks, Inc., F5 Networks, Inc., FireEye, Inc., Fortinet, Inc., Hewlett-Packard Company, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., International Business Machines Corporation, Juniper Networks, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Motorola Solutions, Inc., Palo Alto Networks, Inc., Polycom, Inc., Riverbed Technology, Inc., Ruckus Wireless, Inc., Symantec Corporation and VMware, Inc

  • PROFITABILITY RATIOS

Companyindustrysector
Gross Margin (TTM)60.3832.5940.03
Gross Margin - 5 Yr. Avg.60.5131.0240.70
EBITD Margin (TTM)27.86----
EBITD - 5 Yr. Avg27.402.8120.30
Operating Margin (TTM)21.916.729.83
Operating Margin - 5 Yr. Avg.20.94-2.2812.56
Pre-Tax Margin (TTM)22.786.9911.19
Pre-Tax Margin - 5 Yr. Avg.21.40-2.2813.37
Net Profit Margin (TTM)18.275.267.51
Net Profit Margin - 5 Yr. Avg.17.66-4.109.35
Effective Tax Rate (TTM)19.8217.1424.74
Effective Tax Rate - 5 Yr. Avg.17.5130.4030.80

  • MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS

Companyindustrysector
Return on Assets (TTM)8.224.828.98
Return on Assets - 5 Yr. Avg.8.573.4810.62
Return on Investment (TTM)10.268.0112.34
Return on Investment - 5 Yr. Avg.10.775.6014.57
Return on Equity (TTM)15.4413.029.21
Return on Equity - 5 Yr. Avg.15.538.2013.81

  • 總體來看這家公司是很不錯的,缺點就是同行太多.

總市值約 USD$1300億
本益比還不到 15倍.

OVERALL

Beta:1.28
Market Cap(Mil.):$129,265.40
Shares Outstanding(Mil.):5,061.29
Dividend:0.21
Yield (%):3.29

FINANCIALS

 CSCO.OIndustrySector
P/E (TTM):14.6325.5715.66
EPS (TTM):1.75----
ROI:10.268.0112.34
ROE:15.4413.029.21

2015年8月17日

D-Link (India) Ltd (53146)

Security Code :533146Company Name :D-Link (India) Ltd

TypeAudited
Date Begin01-Apr-14
Date End31-Mar-15
DescriptionAmount (Rs. million)
Net Sales / Income from Operations (約64億 RUPEES= 約 USD$0.97億)6,408.24
Net Sales / Income from Operations6,394.59
Other Operating Income13.64
Expenditure-6,087.81
Other Expenses-545.05
Purchase of Traded Goods-5,256.59
Employee Benefit Expenses-417.76
Changes in inventories of finished goods, wip and Stock-in-trade149.48
Depreciation and Amortisation expense-17.89
Profit from Operations before Other Income, Interest and Exceptional Items320.43
Other Income15.29
Profit before Interest and Exceptional Items335.72
Interest-4.64
Profit after Interest but before Exceptional Items331.08
Exceptional Items0.00
Profit (+)/ Loss (-) from Ordinary Activities before Tax331.08
Tax-112.49
Current Tax-139.88
Deferred Tax27.39
Net Profit (+)/ Loss (-) from Ordinary Activities after Tax218.58
Extraordinary Items0.00
Net Profit218.58
Minority Interest0.00
Share of Profit & Loss of Asso0.00
Net Profit after Mino Inter & Share of P & L218.58
Any Other0.00
Income Attributable to Consolidated Group218.58
Cost of Investment In Sub0.00
Equity Capital71.01
Face Value (in Rs)2.00
Reserves0.00
EPS before Extraordinary items (in Rs)
Basic & Diluted EPS before Extraordinary items6.31
EPS after Extraordinary items (in Rs)
Basic & Diluted EPS after Extraordinary items6.31
Number of Public Shareholding1,73,90,187.00
Percentage of Public Shareholding48.98
Promoters and Promoter Group Shareholding
Pledged / Encumbered
Number of Shares0.00
Percentage of Shares (as a % of the total shareholding of promoter and promoter group)0.00
Percentage of Shares (as a% of the total share capital of the company)0.00
Non-encumbered
Number of Shares1,81,14,663.00
Percentage of Shares (as a% of the total shareholding of promoter and prom group)100.00
Percentage of Shares (as a % of the total share capital of the company)51.02
Notes

Note :1. The results displayed here are as furnished by the company at the relevant point of time.
2. Operating Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin and Cash EPS is calculated and not furnished by the company.
3. Quarterly, Half Yearly, Annual will be displayed for current period and 3 immediately preceding periods.
4. Where no data is available for any of the immediately preceding period, then there will be no display for that period.

2015年8月7日

4G+實驗網

打造研發測試網,注入產業新動能-4G+實驗網正式啟用!
經濟部配合行政院科技會報推動「加速行動寬頻服務及產業發展方案」,建構「台灣4G+多模、多頻、多廠牌之類商用實驗網路」。於8月6日舉辦4G+實驗網啟用儀式暨「新世代行動通訊的挑戰與機會」論壇,正式對外啟動服務,並邀集國內外產業代表,共同探討未來台灣產業如何運用「4G+實驗網」,抓住下一波商機。

本次活動以「打造研發測試網,注入產業新動能」為主軸,即是希望藉由此實驗網路提供服務,為台灣通訊產業發展注入更多資源。該實驗網為提供台灣產業符合全球市場需求,集結了AlcatelLucent、Ericsson、Nokia、NEC、Rohde&Schwarz等國際大廠及國內中華電信與遠傳等電信業者,複製商用網路環境,提供國內手機、晶片、終端、小型基地台、WiFi等產品驗證互通測試,同時提供電信業者進行新興服務測試(如4G語音(VoLTE)互通測試以及WiFi卸載分流等)。

經濟部沈榮津次長表示,台灣建構此一符合多種情境且可自主掌握之4G+實驗網,期待降低從研發到產品實際銷售到市場過程中測試所需成本與時間,協助提升產業競爭力。該類商用實驗網於去年進行試營運,提供12家28項產品測試驗證。今年更將結合國際主要商用設備,提供涵蓋了歐、美、亞洲等17個主流頻段與包含FDD、TDD、FDD+TDD3種模式之組合網路,以提供更完整的測試環境服務。也規劃如VoLTE、SDN等新興技術測試環境,未來將成為B4G/5G初期驗證技術發展平台,協助廠商即早布局新世代網路產品,提升我國通訊產業競爭力。

本次活動也邀請AlcatelLucent、Ericsson、NEC、Nokia、Rohde&Schwarz與國內網通廠商中磊電子、盟創科技等專家代表,參與「新世代行動通訊的挑戰與機會」論壇,分享迎向4G+、5G的願景及藍圖。也期望透過此論壇的舉辦,讓4G+實驗網下階段的佈建能更完善,共同啟航迎向未來網路商機!

2015年8月6日

中磊(5388-TW)

網路設備廠中磊(5388-TW)宣布,4G小型基地台及小型基地台閘道器(Small Cell Gateway)等已通過中華電信測試,並順利取得中華電信(2412)「104年4G Small Cell網路建設案」,將負責建置中華電信小型基地台網路。

中磊表示,隨著4G網路服務需求日趨多元,為滿足消費者對高畫質影音、實境遊戲之高頻寬需求,因應未來有限的頻譜資源及多重異質網路(HetNet)發展趨勢,透過4G Small Cell小型基地台佈建,將協助中華電信提供更廣的涵蓋範圍、更深入的室內信號及更穩定的飆網速率,進一步提升4G客戶使用滿意度。

中磊指出,公司將提供中華電信完整的端到端小型基地台解決方案,其中4G小型基地台自組網路SON (Self-Organizing Network)功能,可降低無線網路規畫、安裝、優化及管理成本,以達到系統穩定最佳化。此外,LTE Small Cell Gateway可減少核心網的負載,提升小型基地台大規模佈建的能力,另外透過公司研發的HeMS網路管理系統,小型基地台可即裝即用,並動態監控網路傳輸品質,以達到系統穩定最佳化的目的

另外中磊也公布7月營收為35.02億元,較去年同期的20.35億元,大幅成長72%,也較6月成長12%,並連續3個月創單月營收新高紀錄。累計中磊今年前7月營收為184.11億元,年增率達45%。

股本(詳細說明)23.1億
股務代理台新銀02-25048125
公司電話02-26553988
營收比重無線網路產品76.27%、有線網路產品23.73% (2014年)
網 址http://www.sercomm.com
工 廠苗栗竹南、大陸蘇州廠
獲 利 能 力 (104第1季)最新四季每股盈餘最近四年每股盈餘
營業毛利率13.61%104第1季0.73元103年4.21元
營業利益率2.94%103第4季1.13元102年4.19元
稅前淨利率3.17%103第3季1.07元101年3.90元
資產報酬率0.94%103第2季1.22元100年3.29元
股東權益報酬率2.66%每股淨值:   28.07元


2015年4月23日

華為 搶攻TD-LTE技術商機

大陸電信設備廠華為近年積極搶攻TD-LTE技術商機,目前在全球市占率超過60%。華為喊出TD-LTE未來商機將出現「火山爆發式」成長,激勵相關布局TD-LTE的網通族群包含明泰(3380)、中磊(5388)、智易(3596)、正文(4906)及合勤控(3704)等股價盤中都上揚。

  根據華為在今年全球分析師大會表示,去年全球僅18家電信業者投入TD-LTE及FDD LTE融合網,預估今年將增加到50個商業融合網。尤其TD-LTE及FDD LTE融合網基礎建設需求從去年起開始大幅成長,相關設備需求增加,隨著未來TD-LTE設備需求持續成長,將有利於已經投入研發或是量產的網通公司,進而激勵股價表現

2015年4月16日

非洲行動錢包

手機網路發達 非洲行動錢包夯

2015-04-16 20:00:55 台灣醒報 記者張振鴻╱台北報導

透過手機進行金融交易,非洲成世界第一!根據新聞網站《FiveThirtyEight》報導,世界銀行的報告指出在撒哈拉以南的非洲,使用手機來進行非實體銀行金融交易的成年人,較3年前成長了12%,顯示該區域的金融發展正迅速跟上世界腳步。
相對在2011年時,撒哈拉以南非洲的人們有4分之3的比例是被隔絕在金融體系以外,他們不曾擁有銀行帳戶,即便有也難以調度款項,或是取得貸款。但自2012年後,原本只有2G網絡的非洲,接受來自各國資金的挹注,紛紛鋪設光纖網路與3G基地台。尤有甚者,安哥拉兩大電信業者藉由接受中國電信廠商所提供的設備,可跳過3G服務,直上4G的網路速度。
【網路建設普及率高】
相對其他基礎建設仍相當殘破,非洲多數區域的網路建設反而超前腳步,對金融、教育與零售業等產生重大影響,特別是在廣大地理環境中,別說實體銀行,可能老遠都難以找到一台提款機。因此,在行動裝置的協助下,許多非洲住民紛紛透過網路建立網銀帳戶與手機電子錢包,進行各種行動付款與日常買賣匯款的金融服務。
住在肯亞首都奈洛比的單親母親恩貢索,透過移動帳戶的小額貸款,在鄉間開了間小商店,並省去每天因現金流量,而需要在市場與銀行間來往的麻煩。「銀行業與電信業融合是未來的趨勢!」肯亞最大銀行KCB的首席執行官沃加拉表示,不同於世界其他區域,非洲正在實現這種融合。
【小額借貸成主因】
值得注意的是,高達12%的金融服務使用成長幾乎都是來自於非實體銀行的移動支付帳戶。世界銀行並未解釋這種移動支付帳戶的成長為何如此迅速,但報告推論小額借貸是主因。
這些區域目前正往開發中國家邁進,使得眾多創業家或中小企業有不少資金的需求,而藉由手機進行的非銀行金融服務則提供了此種便利性,能使借貸者透過移動帳戶來進行小額借貸。
就全世界來看,成年人擁有移動支付帳戶比例超過10%的13個國家,皆位在撒哈拉以南的非洲區域。除了肯亞有高達58%的比例外,其他如象牙海岸、索馬利亞、坦尚尼亞、烏干達與辛巴威五個國家,多數成年人幾乎是擁有移動帳戶多過於傳統的銀行帳戶。

搭4G熱潮,砷化鎵4傑業績發燙

時報記者張漢綺台北報導
  • 穩懋

受惠於客戶訂單湧入,稼動率在去年下半年快速拉升,加上基礎建設等高階產品比重提升,帶動去年第4季合併毛利率達37.27%,創下單季歷史新高,累計2014年合併營收為99.1億元,營業毛利為35.09%,合併毛利率為35.41%,較2013年增加4.57個百分點,稅後盈餘為19.63億元,創下歷史新高,每股盈餘為2.65元。

 穩懋產品分為:Wi-fi、Infrastructure及Cellular三塊,目前月產能約2.4萬,由於物聯網帶動WiFi及4G基礎建設龐大需求,讓穩懋Infrastructure高階產品比重持續攀升,去年Infrastructure約佔穩懋營收比重約近20%,預估今年佔比將再攀高,有機會超過20%。

 穩懋總經理王郁琦表示,若以短、中及長期來看,短期推升業績動能包括基本盤3G智慧型手機、4G/LTE/TD-LTE滲透率快速拉升,以及80 2.11ac所需雙頻段;中期包括Wi-Fi提高對802.11ac所需,以及物聯網帶動的Wi-Fi、3G/4G的強勁基礎建設需求;長期則以4G、5G為觀察重點,預計2020年5G將進入商業化。

 穩懋第1季合併營收為28.06億元,較去年同期大幅成長68.36%,王郁琦表示,由於高毛利產品比重攀高,預估第1季毛利率可望有去年下半年的水準,第2、3季也將展現傳統旺季業績。

 目前穩懋月產能約2.4萬片,不過由於基礎建設產品的生產Cycle time較Wi-Fi、Cellular長,因此實際月產能約2萬片到2.2萬片,公司今年資本支出暫估20億元,多數將用於龜山廠無塵室建置,部分購買去瓶頸設備。

  • 全新 

上游磊晶廠部分,全新是以有機金屬氣相磊晶成長法(Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition, MOCVD)為核心技術之Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物半導體專業磊晶廠,產品涵蓋無線通訊、光通訊等,受惠於客戶訂單增溫,全新去年第4季營收5.65億元,毛利率達36.64%,稅後盈餘為1.51億元;累計2014年營收為20.73億元,營業毛利為7.2億元,毛利率34.77%,較2013年增加2.03個百分點,稅後盈餘為4.68億元,每股盈餘為1.9元。

 全新第1季營收為5.24億元,較去年同期成長39.54%,毛利率受惠於光通訊產品比重提升,全新第1季毛利率可望逾37%,由於第2季是出貨旺季,預估第2季營收將優於第1季。

 去年全新光通訊產品佔營收比重已從2013年的6.59%提升至12.49%,預估今年第1季毛通訊產品比重可以再提升至15%,隨著光通訊產品比重攀高,全新預估,第2季的毛利率亦可望優於第1季;隨著4G LTE手機滲透率提高,802.11ac對砷化鎵磊晶片需求成長,以及光通訊產品出貨比重增加,全新樂觀看待今年業績,預估今年業績將可恢復正成長,法人預估,全新今年業績可望較去年兩位數成長。


  • F-IET

 儘管亦是磊晶廠,但F-IET的技術與全新卻是不同,F-IET主要產品為砷化鎵(GaAs) Phemt、磷化銦(InP) HBT、磷化銦(InP) HBT及紅外線光偵檢器「(Infrared(IR)sensors等,產品應用除高功率基地台、無線區域網路(Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN)、光纖及衛星通訊、點對點微波通訊等領域,公司更深耕汽車防撞系統(Automobileradar)、軍事及航太等特殊產品,尤其是公司在2014年以600萬美元購買位於法國的Soitec公司旗下砷化鎵(GaAs)事業,讓F-IET順利切入砷化鎵關鍵應用市場汽車防撞雷達技術等,亦將客戶版圖拓展至歐洲,帶動公司業績穩定成長。

 F-IET去年第4季合併營收為1.71億元,營業毛利為6800萬元,單季合併毛利率達39.77%,較第3季增加4個百分點,稅後盈餘為4400萬元;累計2014年合併營收為6.55億元,營業毛利為2.45億元,合併毛利率為37.48%,稅後盈餘為1.72億元,創下歷史新高,每股盈餘為5.71元。
 就三大產品業績比重來看,2014年砷化鎵約佔F-IET業績46.7%,磷化銦約佔31.2%,銻化鎵約佔21.5%。

 F-IET總經理高永中表示,受惠於砷化鎵產品在物聯網、車用防撞雷達等高端高速產品應用強勁成長,公司亦加速擴產以提升市佔率,預估今年產能將增加30%到40%。

 目前F-IET共有16台MBE磊晶機,高永中表示,由於公司提供上游材料端,技術需領先至少2到3年,投入約5年的銻化鎵將是未來5G通訊應用主流,因此公司去年再買下德州土地擴廠,預計2016年中完工,現階段擴產已經被客戶追著要產能,因此新廠完工前不排除購買廠辦再擴充。

 F-IET第1季前2月合併營收為2.08億元,較去年同期成長69.37%,在新產能陸續開出下,法人估計,F-IET英特磊今年營收可望較去年成長15%,高毛利率砷化鎵產品大量產出帶動下,毛利率可望上看40%,全年獲利亦可望超越去年,再創歷史新高。

2014年4月5日

NCC:WiMAX不可合併延照


國家通訊傳播委員會(NCC)昨(31)日舉行2.6GHz頻段政策規劃說明會,交通部規劃將採TDD及FDD技術並行,將釋出190MHz頻寬,NCC則表示,因應頻譜規劃,WiMAX業者不可合併延照,換照後NCC可逕予移頻,確保順利釋照。後續將由行政院拍板,NCC規劃釋照規則。
交通部表示,目前第四代行動通訊(4G)技術分為TDD(分時雙工)與FDD(分頻雙工),國際電信聯盟(ITU)建議2.6GHz頻譜規劃時,可以規劃為全FDD、全TDD或者是FDD、TDD 混用,因此也規畫為四種方案。
交通部表示,考量與國際接軌、頻譜使用效率、產業發展需求等,經過行政院去年以來邀集各機關舉行會議討論,規劃採用方案一,也就是FDD、TDD混用,FDD可使用頻寬為140MHz,TDD為40MHz,其中10MHz則為護衛頻帶(Guard Band)。
NCC表示,未來2.6GHz將以公開競價方式進行拍賣,由於目前仍有六家WiMAX(WBA無線寬頻執照)業者使用,執照到期日從今年底到2016年3月,可申請延照一次,為期六年。
【2014/04/01 經濟日報】http://udn.com/

2012年6月5日

How many servers does Google have?



This estimate was made by adding up the total available floor space at all of Google's data centers, combined with knowledge on how the data centers are constructed. I've also checked the numbers against Google's known energy consumption, and various other snippets of detail revealed by Google themselves.

Satellite imagery: j2p2.com/google-data-center-floor-plans

Google doesn't publicly say how many servers they have. They keep the figure secret for competitive reasons. If Microsoft over-estimates and invests in more servers then they'll waste money - and this would be good for Google. Conversely, if Microsoft builds fewer servers then they won't match Google's processing power, and again, this would be good for Google. Nevertheless, from the limited amount of information that is available I've attempted to make a rough estimate.

First of all, here's some background on how Google's data centers are built and organised. Understanding this is crucial to making a good estimate.

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Number and location of data centers

Google build and operate their own data centers. This wasn't always the case. In the early years they rented colocation space at third-party centers. Since the mid-2000s, however, they have been building their own. Google currently (as of January 2012) has eight operational data centers. There are six in the US and two in Europe. Two more are being built in Asia and one more in Europe. A twelfth is planned in Taiwan but construction hasn't yet received the go-ahead.

Initially the data center locations were kept secret. Google even purchased the land under a false company name. That approach didn't quite work however. Information always leaked out via the local communities. So now Google openly publishes the info:google.com/about/datacenters/locations

Here are all 12 of Google's self-built data centers, listed by year they became operational:

2003 - Douglas County, Georgia, USA (container center 2005)
2006 - The Dalles, Oregon, USA
2008 - Lenoir, North Carolina, USA
2008 - Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA
2008 - St. Ghislain, Belgium
2009 - Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA
2010 - Hamina, Finland
2011 - Mayes County, Oklahoma, USA

2012 - Profile Park, Dublin, Ireland (operational late 2012)
2013 - Jurong West, Singapore (operational early 2013)
2013 - Kowloon, Hong Kong (operational early 2013)
201? - Changhua Coastal Industrial Park, Taiwan (unconfirmed)

These are so-called “mega data centers” that contain hundreds of thousands of servers. It's possible that Google continues to rent smaller pockets of third-party colocation space, or has servers hidden away at Google offices around the world. There's online evidence, for example, that Google was still seeking colocation space as recently as 2008. Three of the mega data centers came online later that year, however, and that should have brought the total capacity up to requirements. It's reasonable to assume that Google now maintains all its servers exclusively at its own purpose-built centers - for reasons of security and operational efficiency.

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Physical construction of data centers

Although the locations are public knowledge, the data center insides are still fairly secret. The public are not allowed in, there are no tours, and even Google employees have restricted access. Google have, however, revealed the general design principles.

The centers are based around mobile shipping containers. They use standard 40' intermodal containers which are ~12m long and ~2.5m wide. Each container holds 1,160 servers. The containers are lined up in rows inside a warehouse, and are stacked two high.

See the video Google released in 2009: Google container data center tour

Are all of Google's data centers now based on this container design? We don't know for sure, but assume that they are. It would be sensible to have a standardised system.

As for the servers themselves - they use cheap, low-performance, open-case machines. The machines only contain the minimal hardware required to do their job, namely: CPU, DRAM, disk, network adapter, and on-board battery-powered UPS. Exact up-to-date specifications are not known, but in 2009 an average server was thought to be a dual-core dual-processor (i.e. 4 cores) with 16 GB RAM and 2 TB disk.

The containers are rigged to an external power supply and cooling system. Much of the space inside a warehouse is taken up with the cooling pipes and pumps. The cooling towers are generally external structures adjacent to the warehouse.

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Counting servers based on data center floor space

This is by no means a precise method, but it gives us an indication. It works as follows.

First we determine the surface area occupied by each of Google's data center buildings. Sometimes this information is published. For example the data center at The Dalles is reported to be 66,000 m². The problem with this figure, however, is we don't know if it includes only the warehouse building itself or the whole plot of land including supporting buildings, car parks, and flower beds.

So, to be sure of getting the exact size of only the buildings, I took satellite images from Google Maps and used those to make measurements. Due to out-of-date imagery some of the data centers are not shown on Google Maps, but those that are missing can be found on Bing Maps instead.

Having retrieved the satellite imagery of the buildings I then superimposed rows of shipping containers drawn to scale. Care was taken to ensure the containers occupied approximately the same proportion of total warehouse surface area as seen in the video linked above. That is, well under 50% of the floor space, probably closer to 20%. An example of this superimposed imagery is attached to this post, it shows one of the warehouses in Douglas County, Georgia, USA.

All floor plan images: j2p2.com/google-data-center-floor-plans

Having counted how many container footprints fit inside each warehouse, I then doubled those figures. This is because I assume all containers are stacked two high. Quite a large assumption, but hopefully a fair one.

It turns out that in general the centers house around 200,000 servers each. Douglas County is much larger at about twice that figure. Meanwhile Lenoir, Hamina, and Mayes County are smaller. Mayes County is due to be doubled in size during 2012. The sizes of the future data centers in Singapore and Hong Kong have not been measured. Instead I assume that they'll also host around 200,000 servers each.

This results in the following totals:

417,600 servers - Douglas County, Georgia, USA
204,160 servers - The Dalles, Oregon, USA
241,280 servers - Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA
139,200 servers - Lenoir, North Carolina, USA
250,560 servers - Moncks Corner, South Carolina, USA
296,960 servers - St. Ghislain, Belgium
116,000 servers - Hamina, Finland
125,280 servers - Mayes County, Oklahoma, USA

Sub-total: 1,791,040

Future data centers that'll be operational by early 2013:

46,400 servers - Profile Park, Dublin, Ireland
200,000 servers - Jurong West, Singapore (projected estimate)
200,000 servers - Kowloon, Hong Kong (projected estimate)
139,200 additional servers - Mayes County, Oklahoma, USA

Grand total: 2,376,640

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Technical details revealed by Google

A slide show published in 2009 by Google Fellow +Jeff Dean reveals lots of interesting numbers. In particular it mentions "Spanner", which is the storage and computation system used to span all of Google's data centers. This system is designed to support 1 to 10 million globally distributed servers.

Given that this information was published over two years ago, it's likely the number of servers is already well into that 1-to-10 million range. And this would match with the floor space estimation.

Slide show: www.odbms.org/download/dean-keynote-ladis2009.pdf

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Counting servers based on energy consumption

Last year +Jonathan Koomey published a study of data center electricity use from 2005 to 2010. He calculated that the total worldwide use in 2010 was 198.8 billion kWh. In May of 2011 he was told by +David Jacobowitz (program manager on the Green Energy team at Google) that Google's total data center electricity use was less than 1% of that worldwide figure.

From those numbers, Koomey calculated that Google was operating ~900,000 servers in 2010. He does say, however, that this is only "educated guesswork". He factored in an estimate that Google's servers are 30% more energy efficient than conventional ones. It‘s possible that this is an underestimate - Google does pride itself on energy efficiency.

If we take Koomey's 2010 figure of 900,000 servers, and then add the Hamina center (opened late 2010) and the Mayes County center (opened 2011) that brings us to over a million servers. The number would be ~1,200,000 if we were to assume all data centers are the same size.

Koomey's study: www.koomey.com/post/8323374335

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Summary

The figure of 1,791,040 servers is an estimate. It's probably wrong. But hopefully not too wrong. I'm pretty confident it's correct within an order of magnitude. I can't imagine Google has fewer than 180,000 servers or more than 18 million. This gives an idea of the scale of the Google platform.

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References

YouTube videos:
Google container data center tour
Google Data Center Efficiency Best Practices. Part 1 - Intro & Measuring PUE
Continual improvements to Google data centers: ISO and OHSAS certifications
Google data center security

http://www.google.com/about/datacenters/
http://www.j2p2.com/google-data-center-floor-plans/

http://goo.gl/vkjWu - Google patent for container-based data centers
http://goo.gl/G4aMK - Standard container sizes
http://goo.gl/rfPMa - +Jeff Dean's slideshow about Google platform design
http://goo.gl/DcjJB - “In the Plex” book by +Steven Levy
http://goo.gl/JYXbx - +Jonathan Koomey's data center electricity use

Articles by +Rich Miller of Data Center Knowledge:
http://goo.gl/nfjvW
http://goo.gl/K5MDW
http://goo.gl/rGNy7

Original copy of this post:
https://plus.google.com/114250946512808775436/posts/VaQu9sNxJuY

Attached image below is one of Google's data warehouses in Douglas County, Georgia. Photo is from Google Maps, with an overlay showing the server container locations.
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